Women With Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease - 928 Words

Case Study: A 25-year-old women with homozygous sickle cell disease presented to tertiary center at 32 weeks’ gestation with weakness, fever, and worsening anemia. Her obstetric history included previous pregnancy post two years complicated with mild preeclampsia resulting in cesarean delivery at term, but had no reports of sickle cell complications like painful crisis, splenic sequestration or blood transfusion. On arrival she reported left upper abdominal pain, temperature 38oC, heart rate 115bpm, blood pressure of 120/80. Her spleen was palpable 4cm below left costal margin with tenderness. Laboratory results indicated hemoglobin 2.4g/dl and hematocrit 7.8%. Fetal monitoring was performed for 60 minutes, baseline fetal heart rate was 150 bpm with absence of variability and accelerations. At beginning of record a prolonged deceleration lasting four minutes was noted. The volume of amniotic fluid was normal and the fetal biophysical profile was 6. Two packs of red blood cells were immediately transfused, resulting in progression of fetal heart rate and biophysical profile to normal. Twelve hours after transfusion patient’s hemoglobin was 4.3g/dl and two additional packs of red blood cells were transfused. Twenty-four hours later patient’s hemoglobin was 5.9g/dl, and after one more additional unit of packed red blood cells her level increased to 7.4g/dl. The patient was kept in hospital with ultrasound indicating normal fetal growth and antenatal fetal surveillanceShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Parents With The Sickle Cell Trait1524 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican-American parents with the Sickle Cell Trait have the greatest risk of passing Sickle Cell Anemia to their offspring. In this article, sickle cell anemia is defined as a hereditary disease that destroys red blood cells by causing them take on an elongated and rigid sickle shape. 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To this day, the disease continues to be one of the most important parasitic infections known to man. According to the World Health Organization, 3.4 million people may be considered at risk on a global scale and estimates indicate that there were 207 million cases in 2012 withRead MoreThe Historical Prevalence Of Bisexuality Essay1855 Words   |  8 Pagesbelief; a longitudinal study conducted by Rosario, Scrimshaw, Hunter Braun (2006) found that some youths who identified as bisexual at baseline, especially young men, eventually transitioned to identifying as homosexual. However, for the majority of women and for many men who identify as bisexual, this is not the case, and generalizing this finding to all members of the bisexual community is a form of erasu re (Rosario et al 2006). 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The Plasmodium parasite is the cause of the disease malaria, which is most prevalent in Africa however there have been cases all over the world. In 2012, 627,000 people died from malaria, the majority of which were children under the age of five. Its complex multi-stage life cycle makes it very difficultRead MoreMaagang Pagbubuntis Ng Mga Kabataan9395 Words   |  38 PagesSIMPLEX VIRUS       1.) TOXOPLASMOSIS o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is a protozoan infection o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spread commonly through contact of uncooked meat, although it may also be contracted w/ through handling cat stool in soil or cat litter o  Ã‚  Ã‚  A woman experiences no symptoms of the disease, except a few days of malaise and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy o  Ã‚  Ã‚  The infection crosses the  Ã‚  placenta o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Infant may new born w/ CNS damage, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, intracerebral calcification, and retinal deformities. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  1:900 pregnancies

Is there water and life on mars Free Essays

Unlike Earth, since there are no oceans to obscure the planet Mars, its topography is now better explored and known than that of Earth (Australian Geographic 2003). It has the largest known volcano in the Solar System, Olympus Mons, three times as high as Mt Everest, arid the longest and deepest known canyon, Valles Marineris, 4000 km long and 10 km deep (Australian Geographic 2003). Mars has no continental plate movement, so its surface isn’t constantly reworked by mountain-building processes. We will write a custom essay sample on Is there water and life on mars? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, much of the landscape is as it was billions of years ago (Australian Geographic 2003). NASA researchers are taking lessons from the debate about life on Earth to Mars. Their future missions will incorporate cutting-edge biotechnology designed to detect individual molecules made by Martian organisms, either living or long dead (Zimmer 2005). The search for life on Mars has become more urgent thanks in part to probes by the two rovers now roaming Mars’ surface and another spaceship that is orbiting the planet. In recent months, they’ve made a series of astonishing discoveries that, once again, tempt scientists to believe that Mars harbors life or did so in the past. At a February conference in the Netherlands, an audience of Mars experts was surveyed about Martian life. Some 75 percent of the scientists said they thought life once existed there, and of them, 25 percent think that Mars harbors life today (Zimmer 2005). The search for the fossil remains of primitive single-celled organisms like bacteria took off in 1953, when Stanley Tyler, an economic geologist at the University of Wisconsin, puzzled over some 2.1 billion-year-old rocks he’d gathered in Ontario, Canada (Zimmer 2005). His glassy black rocks known as cherts were loaded with strange, microscopic filaments and hollow balls. Working with Harvard paleobotonist Elso Barghoorn, Tyler proposed that the shapes were actually fossils, left behind by ancient life-forms such as algae. Before Tyler and Barghoorn’s work, few fossils had been found that predated the Cambrian Period, which began about 540 million years ago (Zimmer 2005). Now the two scientists were positing that life was present much earlier in the 4.55 billion-year history of the planet. How much further back it went remained for later scientists to discover (Zimmer 2005)? In the next decades, paleontologists in Africa found 3 billion-year-old fossil traces of microscopic bacteria that had lived in massive marine reefs (Zimmer 2005). Bacteria can also form what are called biofilms, colonies that grow in thin layers over surfaces such as rocks and the ocean floor, and scientists have found solid evidence for biofilms dating back 3.2 billion years (Zimmer 2005). Fluvial Landforms geologic features putatively formed by water were identified in images of Mars taken by the Mariner and Viking spacecraft in the 1970s (Bell 2006). These landforms included enormous channels carved by catastrophic floods and large-scale valley networks somewhat reminiscent of river drainage systems on Earth. Over the past decade, images from the Mars Global Surveyor, which has been orbiting Mars since 1997, have revealed spectacular examples of extremely small and seemingly young gullies formed in the walls of some craters and canyons. These observations indicate the past presence of liquid water on the Martian surface or just below it but not necessarily for long periods (Bell 2006). The water from the catastrophic floods, for example, may have lasted only a few days or weeks on the surface before freezing, seeping back into the ground or evaporating. Furthermore, the networks of river-like valleys shown in the Viking orbiter images do not have the same characteristics as terrestrial river valleys when seen at higher resolution (Bell 2006). The Martian valleys could have formed entirely from subsurface water flow and ground erosion a process known as sapping-rather than from water moving over the surface. The gullies observed in the Mars Global Surveyor’s images may also be the result of water seeping underground below ice or from buried snow deposits (Bell 2006). Although these features are stunning and dramatic indicators of water on Mars, they do not firmly prove that the Red Planet once had a warmer, wetter, more Earth-like environment with long-lasting lakes and rivers. In the past few years, however, new satellite images have provided much more convincing evidence that stable, Earthlike conditions prevailed on Mars for long periods (Bell 2006). One of the most exciting discoveries is a class of features that look like river deltas. The best and largest example, photographed by the Mars Global Surveyor, is at the end of a valley network that drains into Eberswalde Crater in a region southeast of the Valles Marineris canyon system (Bell 2006). This drainage system terminates in a 10-kilometer-wide, layered, fan-shaped landform characterized by meandering ridges that crosscut one another and show varying degrees of erosion. To many geologists, this feature has all the characteristics of a delta that formed at the end of a sediment-bearing river flowing into a shallow lake. Further evidence of an Earth-like climate in Mars’s past comes from high-resolution images, taken by the Mars Odyssey and Global Surveyor orbiters, of the small-scale valley networks on the plateaus and walls of the Valles Marineris canyon system. Unlike previously identified valley networks that seem to have formed largely from subsurface flow, these newly found networks have characteristics that are consistent with their formation by rainfall or snowmelt and surface runoff. For example, the networks are arranged in dense, branching patterns, and the lengths and widths of the valleys increase from their sources to their mouths. Moreover, the sources are located along the ridge crests, suggesting that the landscape was molded by precipitation and runoff. Indeed, these landforms provide the best evidence to date that it may have rained on Mars. A more exploratory possibility is that these runoff features arose relatively recently, perhaps one billion to 1.5 billion years after Mars formed. To estimate the ages of Martian landforms, researchers count the number of impact craters on the feature the more impacts the region has endured, the older it is. This dating method, however, has many uncertainties; it can be difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary impact craters and volcanic calderas, and erosion has destroyed the evidence of craters in some regions (Bell 2006). Still, if these surface runoff valleys do turn out to be relatively young, Mars may have had an Earth-like climate for as much as a third of the planet’s history and perhaps longer if even younger valleys are eventually identified. Yet another piece of evidence supporting persistent liquid water on Mars is the observation of truly enormous amounts of erosion and sedimentation in many parts of the planet. Making calculations based on new orbital imaging data, researchers have determined that the rate at which sediments were deposited and eroded in the first billion years of the planet’s history may have been about a million times as high as the present-day rate (Bell 2006). But what process could have transported the massive amount of sediment needed to bury almost everything in the Gale Crater region? (Bell 2006) Scientists believe flowing water offers the best explanation. Studies of erosion and sedimentation rates on Earth suggest that wind could have moved some of the Martian sediment in the past (just as it is doing today, albeit at a very slow pace). No viable wind-based scenario, however, can explain the rapid transport of millions of cubic kilometers of material across large fractions of the planet’s surface, which apparently occurred repeatedly during Mars’s early history. Flowing water, though, has routinely moved gargantuan amounts of sediment on Earth and could have done so on the Red Planet as well. In addition scrutinizing the shape of Martian landforms, scientists have searched for hints of liquid water in the composition of the planet’s minerals (Bell 2006). One of the reasons why researchers had long believed that Mars never enjoyed an extensive period of warm and wet climate is that much of the surface not covered by wind-borne dust appears to be composed of material that is largely unweathered pristine volcanic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. If water had flowed over the surface for a long time, the argument went, it would have chemically altered and weathered the volcanic minerals, creating clays or other oxidized, hydrated phases (minerals that incorporate water molecules or hydroxide ions in their crystal structure). The emerging paradigm is that Mars had an extensive watery past: puddles or ponds or lakes or seas (or all of them) existing for long periods and exposed to what must have been a thicker, warmer atmosphere. During the first billion or so years of Martian history, the Red Planet was a much more Earth-like place, probably hospitable to the formation and evolution of life as currently known. The Martian environment began to change, however, as sulfur built up, the waters became acidic and the planet’s geologic activity waned (Bell 2006). Clays gave way to sulfates as the acid rain (of sorts) continued to alter the volcanic rocks and break down any carbonates that may have formed earlier. Over time, the atmosphere thinned out; perhaps it was lost to space when the planet’s magnetic field shut off, or maybe it was blown off by catastrophic impacts or sequestered somehow in the crust. Mars eventually became the cold, arid planet recognized today. This new view of Mars is not yet universally accepted, however. Key questions remain unanswered (Bell 2006): How long did the waters flow in the Eberswalde delta; for decades or millennia? Where are all the sediments that appear to have been eroded from Meridiani Planum and places such as Gale Crater? And were they eroded by water or wind or something else? What is the global abundance of clay minerals on Mars, and were they ever major components of the planet’s crust? And, most vexing, where are the carbonates that should have formed in the warm, wet, carbon dioxide-rich environment but have not yet been observed anywhere on Mars, not even in the older terrains where clays have been detected? Acidic water could have destroyed the bulk of the carbonates but surely not all of them! Perhaps the most important question of all is: Did water or life ever exist on Mars, and if so, was it able to evolve as the environment changed so dramatically to the present-day climate? (Bell 2006) The answer depends in large part on how long the Earth-like conditions lasted. What can be deduced is that the past decade of discoveries on Mars may be only a small taste of an even more exciting century of robotic and eventually human exploration. References Australian Geographic, (2003) Life on Mars. 08161658, Jul-Sep2003, Issue 71 Bell, J., (2006) The Red Planet’s Watery Past. Scientific American, 00368733, Dec2006, Vol. 295, Issue 6 Zimmer, C., (2005) Life on Mars? Smithsonian, 00377333, May2005, Vol. 36, Issue 2 How to cite Is there water and life on mars?, Essay examples

Agile Integration of Project Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Agile Integration of Project Management. Answer: Introduction Arabtec Construction LLC is a construction firm based in UAE. They are willing to enhance the business activities of their construction company. They have decided to follow the agile project methodologies. The report will focus on the operational improvement direction of Arabtec by taking up the agile project management. The capabilities and the benefits that agile project management can offer will be explained in the report. The problems that Arabtec can offer will be highlighted as well. The procedures applying which the current operations management can be embellished will be explained along with the suggested changes. The operational improvement direction (lean vs agile) of Arabtec Construction LLC in terms of business goals that are sought to be achieved Lean and Agile project management can enhance the business activities of Arabtec Construction LLC (Arabtec). Both the lean and agile methodologies have certain similarities and the differences (Dyba, Dingsoyr and Moe 2014). There are about five lean principles associated which can assist Arabtec to conduct the business operations and those principles are a specific value, perfection, pull, identification of the value stream and the flow. The value is identified based on the customers wish or demand. Afterwards, once the value gets detected, the value stream is defined by the non-value added actions, as well as the value-added actions and the value stream, can be calculated by the product manufactured from the scratch and reaching out to the hands of the customers. The value flow can help to discriminate the value-adding activities, non-value adding activities and the enablers (White and Fellow 2014). The non-value adding activities are eliminated and after those value-adding activiti es getting eliminated the wastes get eliminated. Later when the customer needs it, the value is handed over to the customer. There are several types of lean wastes which must be removed for efficiently conducting the business activities within Arabtec. In the construction industry when excess production occurs, the excess materials get accumulated, this excess production must be mitigated if possible, the removal of this excess production can effectively reduce the cost of the production (Larson and Gray 2013). The lean project methodology is responsible for eliminating the wastage of time, eliminates the waste time due to the various kinds of approvals. Generally, lots of time gets wasted due to the transport of the construction materials and parts of Arabtec. Thus the transportation facilities must be eased and the transportation must be on the basis of JIT principle (Conforto et al. 2014). The inventory wastes must be properly maintained that means the finished products and the products that are under construction and the raw materials involved must be taken into consideration as that can save dollars for the company. The defective products or the defective materials that fail to meet the expectations of the customers demands an d thus it is considered as waste, thus the adoption of lean project management can help Arabtec for good and removing the waste the business operations of Arabtec can be embellished. The agile project management can act as an effective tool for the improvement of the business operations. There are various agile services and agile values associated with the Agile Software Development -the individuals, the working software, the user's collaborative approach, response (Schwalbe 2015). The construction industry is evolving every day adopting new technologies and the new tools. By adopting these new technologies, the stakeholders and the team members can get their job done. The workings must be done in accordance with the documents made and according to the customers demands and the customers requests (Serrador and Pinto 2015). The contract is made between the customer and the builder of the construction industry. To make the communications smooth with the customers, the builders must learn the LP system and should make necessary changes in the project as per proposed by the customer. After the discussion is made, the project must be completed as per the customers dem ands and modifications should be made as per customers wishes. After getting approval from the customers the builders must carry on their workings and finish the project. After finishing the entire project, the project should be handed over to the customers (Hoda and Murugesan 2016). In case of LP systems, weekly plans are made and based on the plan, the employees must communicate with the customers regularly to successfully accomplish the project goals. The current operations management system and analysis of the operational capabilities of Arabtec Construction LLC Arabtec by adopting the agile project management can get improved results, the business activities and the construction activities of the organization can be embellished. The project methodology can bring good in the civil construction, concrete products, the contracting segments and the pre-casting buildings. All these can provide them with the edge so that the Arabtec can get a strong position in the construction market of Dubai (Lin et al. 2014). The adoption of agile project management can cater them the value-added service like the design services to the customers. The management of the company has also decided to share the wealth of Arabtec with the shareholders of the company by giving away fifty percent of the paid-up capital share to the public subscription. The company has also declared thirty percent stock dividend (Kerzner 2013). They have planned to approve the dividend policy which depends on the capital expenditure prerequisites, the bank financing, and working capital . Arabtec can have the construction procedures, the construction planning and the construction schedule. Generally, due to the delays the construction cost increases, the labour costs increase too. The project methodology can mitigate all these risks (Spundak 2014). The agile project management can help Arabtec in furnishing the business activities thus Arabtec can have the idea to complete the project at the right location at the right time within the deadline and with right guidelines. The overruns and all the delays can affect the projects performance and that is why it can be concluded that the legal issues can be solved due to the adoption of the project management and the construction project eventually become successful (Conforto and Amaral 2016). Discussion of existing problems and weaknesses in the current operations management system towards becoming leaner of agiler The true agile is practised on rare occasions: The Agile has the best tools and the procedures incorporated and by following those principles any enterprise can get immense benefits. The Agile project methodology is iterative, the project methodology is very easy to adapt (Leach 2014). Thus Arabtec will have to adapt the agile project methodology and will have to adapt to the methodologies to the fullest otherwise the business operations of the enterprise can get disrupted. The employees of Arabtec will have to follow the guidelines strictly. Customer interaction is mandatory: The construction industry like Arabtec needs to interact and communicate with the customers daily to detect whether all the activities are getting performed according to their wish or demands. The customer interaction is an absolute necessity for the agile methodology to implement. The customer may be some higher officials may be CEO of any other company who is always busy, but communication is mandatory, the customer or the clients must monitor the activities closely and should approve everything is going right, only after the approval Arabtec must continue with the work (Gonzalez 2014). The interaction with the busy customers become hectic as well as getting approvals from the customers from time to time can be hectic. However, they still have to cooperate otherwise the entire project can become dispute and can fail completely leading to huge loss of the company. The Agile project methodology goes well with the teams co-located teams: The project management in the construction industry works well within office premises, the team members conducting the in-house activities can get immense benefits from the agile methodology. However, in case of the construction industry, it is not possible to carry out the business operations in same locations, that is why the Arabtec employees can face challenges adapting the agile methodology (Drury-Grogan 2014). Arabtec can face difficulties while carrying out the business activities at the national level or the international level. As a result of that, sometimes the business operations can become quite costly. The agile methodology is difficult to adapt for the large projects: The project methodology works well for the small projects, it goes well with the small organization as well, however, Arabtec being a giant company can face problems as different teams are working in different areas, even in different locations. A team is working on a particular data, and the data has been generated by some other team located in geographically dispersed location. That is why the team must communicate among themselves (Laitinen 2016). Along with that, the agile project methodology works well within a small location, within the office premises, Arabtec can face difficulties due to the construction works at the dispersed locations. Thus it can affect the overall productivity of the company, the scalability of the business operations can get affected a lot due to this agile methodology and thus Arabtec should look upon this factor. Agile weakness on the architectural planning: In the construction industry the architectural planning involves the entire structure of the building, the materials used for constructing the building. Also, the software which must be utilized for conducting the construction procedure must be well analysed and must be worked upon. All the enterprises have to predict and then consider all the aspects associated with the construction industry and Arabtec is no exception (Hornstein 2015). Arabtec will have to analyse the building materials, the structure of the building and the analyse the software used in Arabtec, this takes a whole lot of time. They need to properly manage those factors too. Therefore, delays occur but they need to consider the issues otherwise that can cause serious disruption. The project methodology having limited project planning, project tracking and the project estimation: The agile project methodology generally reduces the planning for a particular project by utilizing certain backlogs (Chagas et al. 2014). It also caters priority to the list of software product land it focuses more on a fixture of the project deadlines. Also for each and every sprint, the level-of-effort gets estimated and the estimation is generally rough in nature. This kind of approach is acceptable in case of small projects, but it delivers to deliver the same amount of efficiency to the large projects and to the large organisations. The third party clients of Arabtec sometimes ask for the scope which the project management fails to deliver, also the senior manager of the client company of Arabtec sometimes ask for the details of the specimens used for the construction industry (Kautz, Johansen and Uldahl 2014). The aforesaid project management fails due to lightweight planning f ails to deliver the details of the project. vii. The agile project methodology needs more and more rework: The project methodology that Arabtec has planned to adopt requires lots of lots of clarification and lots and lots of reworks, this procedure is basically known as the refactoring, the refactoring takes a huge loads of money and Arabtec will have to pay heavy (Lehnen, Schmidt and Herstatt 2016). Thus for the project management and the rework, Arabtec needs to spend heavily. viii. The challenges occur due to the contractual commitments: The agile project methodology is very difficult to detail the fixed-bid contracts (Nicholls, Lewis and Eschenbach 2015). The senior officials often get dissatisfied due to not getting the details of the projects like the project scope, the project deadline and the estimated costs for the project. Light documentation: The agile project methodology prefers verbal communication to written documentation that is misconception occurs in between the clients Arabtec can face the same difficulty, can face the same issue while constructing any product (Pope-Ruark 2015). Due to the lack of proper documentation, it is really difficult for them to maintain and enhance the quality of the construction project. Discussion of how the operations management system can be reoriented to be able to achieve the business goals for the Arabtec Construction LLC Getting conversant with the agile methodologies: The leaders or the senior managers of Arabtec must be responsible, they must be knowledgeable of all the project methodologies. The seniors must discuss with his subordinates and must educate them with the agile methodologies that can bring good to Arabtec. Concentrate more on people over the processes: The deserved members of the team must be given the responsibility to carry out the business activity. Arabtec must divide the tasks to the employees according to their proficiency as that can enhance the productivity of the enterprise and Arabtec can earn huge loads of money because of that. Arabtec should hire employees who are motivated and are willing to work hard and have sound communication skills (Nicholas and Steyn 2017). The employees must be creative and should think something out of the box. Establishment of self-organising groups: Arabtec should construct self-organization groups for carrying out all the construction activities within the enterprise. That can help them to carry out the business activities of the team members or other team located at geographically dispersed location (Kerzner 2017). The concept of self-organising can be truly beneficial as it will help the team members to complete a particular task, and based on the task the other team members can continue their work automatically, a better interaction can be established as a result of this approach. Redefining success for the projects: After the development of the project the testing team must check and verify the construction materials and the construction parts manufactured at Arabtec, if the parts pass the tests they are shipped to the customers or the clients. Encouraging the team members to speak well: The team members should be encouraged regularly by the team leaders and the team seniors to follow the project methodologies and should maintain a healthy relationship with the team members. The seniors must communicate and interact regularly and should help them at need. Empowering the product owners: The business leaders must appoint the appropriate the proper POs and the POs must be knowledgeable about all the facets of the agile project methodologies and they should be able to take the critical decisions for the company (Stare 2013). The key decisions and the critical decisions are capable to provide Arabtec the substantial benefits to gain profits and money. vii. Fund for experimenting: The experiments require lots of funding. Arabtec must adopt the project methodologies and along with that Arabtec must save money and spend for the experiments wisely. The experiments need to be conducted as that can provide them the competitive edge and can give them opportunities to stay ahead of the other competitors. viii. The monthly reviews: The monthly reviews can give them the progress of the current construction project (Kerzner 2017). Thus the employees, the leaders and the clients can have a clear view of all the business activities and thus the ongoing projects progress can be kept tracked of. Discussion of how the suggested changes should be implemented A governance body must be implemented: Arabtec must establish a governance body that is capable to mitigate the risks, the threats and the problems and all the obstacles within the company. The problem resolution can be achieved by means of open communication among the clients, the customers and the stakeholders and the leaders (Gonzalez 2014). Arabtec must implement a governance structure that is both lean and tight. A communication structure must be implemented to facilitate the employees of the employees, the stakeholders and the sponsors of the construction company. The appropriate definition of the sprint: Arabtec must be aware of the goal or the objectives in mind when adopting the agile-lean project methodology and the carrying out the business activities. A particular task requires a lot of time to get completed. The task must be dispersed into multiple tasks and each task must be completed within the stipulated time that is must be completed within the stipulated deadline (Drury-Grogan 2014). This can approach can give them to make the incremental progress, this approach has the capability to maximize the efforts of the team to manage the construction project and this can help them in the long run. iii. Conduct daily meetings: Arabtec must conduct a fifteen minutes meeting every day. The seniors along with his subordinates must discuss the project requirements and the projects progress that can give them the overview of all the aspects of the projects. The seniors and the clients can be assured that the project is progressing well (Laitinen 2016). This approach can help them to know every possible risks, threats and vulnerability associated with the project and the company. After the ending of the sprint retrospective: A project task is divided into multiple subtasks, it is viable to complete one task and then move subsequently to the next task. Arabtec must not rush. After successful completion of one task, they must analyse the task, the clients feedback and the senior members feedback are important and must be taken into consideration (Lin et al. 2014). The feedback must be documented as well. The documentation can help them to conduct the business operations in the agile and effective way in future. Communication: The communication must be established among the stakeholders, the sponsors, the clients, the leaders and the employees of Arabtec (Kerzner 2013). The communication can pave way for various solutions that can assist to carry out the business activities smoothly and efficiently. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that the project management can enhance the business operations of the construction industry. The productivity can be increased, along with that they can get monetary gain as well. The benefits that Arabtec can achieve have been well described in the report. The operation management model of Arabtec needs to be reoriented, in this way the business operations of Arabtec can get enhanced. The seniors as well the subordinates of Arabtec must follow the project methodologies, the teams working in dispersed location must cooperate and follow the project methodologies to successfully accomplish the project and carrying out the business operations of Arabtec. References Chagas, L.F., de Carvalho, D.D., Lima, A.M. and Reis, C.A.L., 2014, November. Systematic literature review on the characteristics of agile project management in the context of maturity models. InInternational Conference on Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination(pp. 177-189). Springer, Cham. Conforto, E.C. and Amaral, D.C., 2016. Agile project management and stage-gate modelA hybrid framework for technology-based companies.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,40, pp.1-14. Conforto, E.C., Salum, F., Amaral, D.C., da Silva, S.L. and de Almeida, L.F.M., 2014. Can agile project management be adopted by industries other than software development?.Project Management Journal,45(3), pp.21-34. Drury-Grogan, M.L., 2014. Performance on agile teams: Relating iteration objectives and critical decisions to project management success factors.Information and Software Technology,56(5), pp.506-515. Dyb, T., Dingsyr, T. and Moe, N.B., 2014. Agile project management. InSoftware project management in a changing world(pp. 277-300). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Gonzalez, W., 2014. Applying agile project management to predevelopment stages of innovation.International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management,11(04), p.1450020. Hoda, R. and Murugesan, L.K., 2016. 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